.. _wiki2_installation: ============ Installation ============ Before you begin ---------------- This tutorial assumes that you have already followed the steps in :ref:`installing_chapter`, except **do not create a virtual environment or install Pyramid**. Thereby you will satisfy the following requirements. * A Python interpreter is installed on your operating system. * You've satisfied the :ref:`requirements-for-installing-packages`. Create directory to contain the project --------------------------------------- We need a workspace for our project files. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ mkdir ~/pyramidtut On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\> mkdir pyramidtut Create and use a virtual Python environment ------------------------------------------- Next let's create a virtual environment workspace for our project. We will use the ``VENV`` environment variable instead of the absolute path of the virtual environment. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ export VENV=~/pyramidtut $ python3 -m venv $VENV On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\> set VENV=c:\pyramidtut Each version of Python uses different paths, so you will need to adjust the path to the command for your Python version. Python 2.7: .. code-block:: doscon c:\> c:\Python27\Scripts\virtualenv %VENV% Python 3.6: .. code-block:: doscon c:\> c:\Python35\Scripts\python -m venv %VENV% Upgrade ``pip`` and ``setuptools`` in the virtual environment ------------------------------------------------------------- On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/pip install --upgrade pip setuptools On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\> %VENV%\Scripts\pip install --upgrade pip setuptools Install Pyramid into the virtual Python environment --------------------------------------------------- On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. parsed-literal:: $ $VENV/bin/pip install "pyramid==\ |release|\ " On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. parsed-literal:: c:\\> %VENV%\\Scripts\\pip install "pyramid==\ |release|\ " Install SQLite3 and its development packages -------------------------------------------- If you used a package manager to install your Python or if you compiled your Python from source, then you must install SQLite3 and its development packages. If you downloaded your Python as an installer from https://www.python.org, then you already have it installed and can skip this step. If you need to install the SQLite3 packages, then, for example, using the Debian system and ``apt-get``, the command would be the following: .. code-block:: bash $ sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev Change directory to your virtual Python environment --------------------------------------------------- Change directory to the ``pyramidtut`` directory, which is both your workspace and your virtual environment. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ cd pyramidtut On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\> cd pyramidtut .. _sql_making_a_project: Making a project ---------------- Your next step is to create a project. For this tutorial we will use the :term:`scaffold` named ``alchemy`` which generates an application that uses :term:`SQLAlchemy` and :term:`URL dispatch`. :app:`Pyramid` supplies a variety of scaffolds to generate sample projects. We will use ``pcreate``, a script that comes with Pyramid, to create our project using a scaffold. By passing ``alchemy`` into the ``pcreate`` command, the script creates the files needed to use SQLAlchemy. By passing in our application name ``tutorial``, the script inserts that application name into all the required files. For example, ``pcreate`` creates the ``initialize_tutorial_db`` in the ``pyramidtut/bin`` directory. The below instructions assume your current working directory is "pyramidtut". On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/pcreate -s alchemy tutorial On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut> %VENV%\Scripts\pcreate -s alchemy tutorial .. note:: If you are using Windows, the ``alchemy`` scaffold may not deal gracefully with installation into a location that contains spaces in the path. If you experience startup problems, try putting both the virtual environment and the project into directories that do not contain spaces in their paths. .. _installing_project_in_dev_mode: Installing the project in development mode ------------------------------------------ In order to do development on the project easily, you must "register" the project as a development egg in your workspace using the ``pip install -e .`` command. In order to do so, change directory to the ``tutorial`` directory that you created in :ref:`sql_making_a_project`, and run the ``pip install -e .`` command using the virtual environment Python interpreter. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ cd tutorial $ $VENV/bin/pip install -e . On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut> cd tutorial c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\pip install -e . The console will show ``pip`` checking for packages and installing missing packages. Success executing this command will show a line like the following: .. code-block:: bash Successfully installed Chameleon-2.24 Mako-1.0.4 MarkupSafe-0.23 \ Pygments-2.1.3 SQLAlchemy-1.0.12 pyramid-chameleon-0.3 \ pyramid-debugtoolbar-2.4.2 pyramid-mako-1.0.2 pyramid-tm-0.12.1 \ transaction-1.4.4 tutorial waitress-0.8.10 zope.sqlalchemy-0.7.6 .. _install-testing-requirements: Install testing requirements ---------------------------- In order to run tests, we need to install the testing requirements. This is done through our project's ``setup.py`` file, in the ``tests_require`` and ``extras_require`` stanzas, and by issuing the command below for your operating system. .. literalinclude:: src/installation/setup.py :language: python :linenos: :lineno-start: 22 :lines: 22-26 .. literalinclude:: src/installation/setup.py :language: python :linenos: :lineno-start: 45 :lines: 45-47 On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/pip install -e ".[testing]" On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\pip install -e ".[testing]" .. _sql_running_tests: Run the tests ------------- After you've installed the project in development mode as well as the testing requirements, you may run the tests for the project. The following commands provide options to py.test that specify the module for which its tests shall be run, and to run py.test in quiet mode. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/py.test -q On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\py.test -q For a successful test run, you should see output that ends like this: .. code-block:: bash .. 2 passed in 0.44 seconds Expose test coverage information -------------------------------- You can run the ``py.test`` command to see test coverage information. This runs the tests in the same way that ``py.test`` does, but provides additional "coverage" information, exposing which lines of your project are covered by the tests. We've already installed the ``pytest-cov`` package into our virtual environment, so we can run the tests with coverage. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/py.test --cov --cov-report=term-missing On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\py.test --cov \ --cov-report=term-missing If successful, you will see output something like this: .. code-block:: bash ======================== test session starts ======================== platform Python 3.6.0, pytest-2.9.1, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1 rootdir: /Users/stevepiercy/projects/pyramidtut/tutorial, inifile: plugins: cov-2.2.1 collected 2 items tutorial/tests.py .. ------------------ coverage: platform Python 3.6.0 ------------------ Name Stmts Miss Cover Missing ---------------------------------------------------------------- tutorial/__init__.py 8 6 25% 7-12 tutorial/models/__init__.py 22 0 100% tutorial/models/meta.py 5 0 100% tutorial/models/mymodel.py 8 0 100% tutorial/routes.py 3 2 33% 2-3 tutorial/scripts/__init__.py 0 0 100% tutorial/scripts/initializedb.py 26 16 38% 22-25, 29-45 tutorial/views/__init__.py 0 0 100% tutorial/views/default.py 12 0 100% tutorial/views/notfound.py 4 2 50% 6-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL 88 26 70% ===================== 2 passed in 0.57 seconds ====================== Our package doesn't quite have 100% test coverage. .. _test_and_coverage_scaffold_defaults_sql: Test and coverage scaffold defaults ----------------------------------- Scaffolds include configuration defaults for ``py.test`` and test coverage. These configuration files are ``pytest.ini`` and ``.coveragerc``, located at the root of your package. Without these defaults, we would need to specify the path to the module on which we want to run tests and coverage. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/py.test --cov=tutorial tutorial/tests.py -q On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\py.test --cov=tutorial \ --cov-report=term-missing tutorial\tests.py -q py.test follows :ref:`conventions for Python test discovery `, and the configuration defaults from the scaffold tell ``py.test`` where to find the module on which we want to run tests and coverage. .. seealso:: See py.test's documentation for :ref:`pytest:usage` or invoke ``py.test -h`` to see its full set of options. .. _initialize_db_wiki2: Initializing the database ------------------------- We need to use the ``initialize_tutorial_db`` :term:`console script` to initialize our database. .. note:: The ``initialize_tutorial_db`` command does not perform a migration, but rather it simply creates missing tables and adds some dummy data. If you already have a database, you should delete it before running ``initialize_tutorial_db`` again. Type the following command, making sure you are still in the ``tutorial`` directory (the directory with a ``development.ini`` in it): On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/initialize_tutorial_db development.ini On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\initialize_tutorial_db development.ini The output to your console should be something like this: .. code-block:: bash 2016-05-22 04:03:28,888 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1192][MainThread] SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS VARCHAR(60)) AS anon_1 2016-05-22 04:03:28,888 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1193][MainThread] () 2016-05-22 04:03:28,888 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1192][MainThread] SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS VARCHAR(60)) AS anon_1 2016-05-22 04:03:28,889 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1193][MainThread] () 2016-05-22 04:03:28,890 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1097][MainThread] PRAGMA table_info("models") 2016-05-22 04:03:28,890 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1100][MainThread] () 2016-05-22 04:03:28,892 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1097][MainThread] CREATE TABLE models ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, name TEXT, value INTEGER, CONSTRAINT pk_models PRIMARY KEY (id) ) 2016-05-22 04:03:28,892 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1100][MainThread] () 2016-05-22 04:03:28,893 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:686][MainThread] COMMIT 2016-05-22 04:03:28,893 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1097][MainThread] CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_index ON models (name) 2016-05-22 04:03:28,893 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1100][MainThread] () 2016-05-22 04:03:28,894 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:686][MainThread] COMMIT 2016-05-22 04:03:28,896 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:646][MainThread] BEGIN (implicit) 2016-05-22 04:03:28,897 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1097][MainThread] INSERT INTO models (name, value) VALUES (?, ?) 2016-05-22 04:03:28,897 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:1100][MainThread] ('one', 1) 2016-05-22 04:03:28,898 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:686][MainThread] COMMIT Success! You should now have a ``tutorial.sqlite`` file in your current working directory. This is an SQLite database with a single table defined in it (``models``). .. _wiki2-start-the-application: Start the application --------------------- Start the application. See :ref:`what_is_this_pserve_thing` for more information on ``pserve``. On UNIX ^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: bash $ $VENV/bin/pserve development.ini --reload On Windows ^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: doscon c:\pyramidtut\tutorial> %VENV%\Scripts\pserve development.ini --reload .. note:: Your OS firewall, if any, may pop up a dialog asking for authorization to allow python to accept incoming network connections. If successful, you will see something like this on your console: .. code-block:: text Starting subprocess with file monitor Starting server in PID 82349. serving on http://127.0.0.1:6543 This means the server is ready to accept requests. Visit the application in a browser ---------------------------------- In a browser, visit http://localhost:6543/. You will see the generated application's default page. One thing you'll notice is the "debug toolbar" icon on right hand side of the page. You can read more about the purpose of the icon at :ref:`debug_toolbar`. It allows you to get information about your application while you develop. Decisions the ``alchemy`` scaffold has made for you --------------------------------------------------- Creating a project using the ``alchemy`` scaffold makes the following assumptions: - You are willing to use :term:`SQLAlchemy` as a database access tool. - You are willing to use :term:`URL dispatch` to map URLs to code. - You want to use zope.sqlalchemy_, pyramid_tm_, and the transaction_ packages to scope sessions to requests. - You want to use pyramid_jinja2_ to render your templates. Different templating engines can be used, but we had to choose one to make this tutorial. See :ref:`available_template_system_bindings` for some options. .. note:: :app:`Pyramid` supports any persistent storage mechanism (e.g., object database or filesystem files). It also supports an additional mechanism to map URLs to code (:term:`traversal`). However, for the purposes of this tutorial, we'll only be using :term:`URL dispatch` and :term:`SQLAlchemy`. .. _pyramid_jinja2: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid-jinja2/en/latest/ .. _pyramid_tm: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid-tm/en/latest/ .. _zope.sqlalchemy: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/zope.sqlalchemy .. _transaction: http://zodb.readthedocs.org/en/latest/transactions.html